What are the Key Components of an Access Control System?

Access control systems form the backbone of modern security infrastructure. It’s all about creating a secure and manageable environment where only authorised users can access specific areas. In this article, we’ll explore what makes up an access control system, with a focus on how ASSA ABLOY delivers reliable and future-ready solutions.

Access Credentials: Mobile, Biometric & Card-Based Options

Access credentials are the identity markers used to verify a person’s authorisation. These can range from physical keys and cards to mobile devices and biometrics. ASSA ABLOY supports both traditional and advanced credentialing methods. Their HID Mobile Access platform, for example, enables credentialing through smartphones using Bluetooth or NFC.

Access Control Readers: How They Work & Key Features

Readers act as the communication bridge between users and the system. They validate the credentials presented and relay the data to the control panel. Modern readers from ASSA ABLOY support multiple formats, allowing for smoother transitions during upgrades. Their readers are also tamper-resistant, weatherproof, and adaptable to different installations. 

Access Control Panels: The Decision-Making Core

Control panels are decision-makers in access systems. They receive data from the readers, verify it against stored permissions, and trigger locks. ASSA ABLOY’s intelligent panels allow for local decision-making and integrate easily with software platforms for real-time monitoring and control.

Electronic Door Locks & Strikes: Smart Hardware Explained

Electric locks and strikes are controlled electronically based on authentication results. This includes electric strikes, electromagnetic locks, and exit devices that are secure, reliable, and seamlessly integrated.

Access Control Software: Centralised, Cloud-Enabled Control

Software is where all access rules are created and monitored. Administrators use it to assign roles, schedule access, and track activity. ASSA ABLOY provides platforms like CLIQ Web Manager and Incedo Business that support centralized, cloud-enabled control with easy-to-use dashboards.

Infrastructure for Access Control: Power, Cabling & Networks

An effective access control system needs reliable infrastructure: structured cabling, network connectivity, and backup power. ASSA ABLOY builds systems with PoE compatibility and battery backups to ensure functionality during outages.

Monitoring & Audit Trails for Compliance and Security

Comprehensive logging is essential for compliance and investigations. Every interaction is logged—who entered, where, and when. ASSA ABLOY systems provide full audit capabilities and can integrate with video surveillance for enhanced situational awareness.

Cloud & Mobile Access: Secure, Remote Credential Management

Remote access is now a necessity. Cloud-based platforms by ASSA ABLOY allow administrators to manage credentials, receive alerts, and monitor access from anywhere. Their mobile-first approach supports contactless, secure access that aligns with modern user preferences.

Cybersecurity in Access Control Systems

Access systems connect to networks and must be secure from cyber threats. ASSA ABLOY uses encryption, secure firmware, and access logs to protect systems from unauthorised digital interference.

Scalable Access Control Solutions for Businesses of All Sizes

From small businesses to large enterprises, access systems must scale. ASSA ABLOY designs modular solutions that expand with your needs and integrate with existing building systems.

Conclusion

Access control is more than a security measure—it’s a critical part of how organisations operate safely and efficiently. The right system helps ensure that the right people are in the right places at the right time. With a full ecosystem of hardware and software, ASSA ABLOY stands at the forefront of access innovation, offering solutions that protect and empower businesses of all sizes.